Abstract
BackgroundThis study investigated the effects of endurance exercise training on ileum antioxidant status, as well as tight junction, inflammatory, and nutrient transporter gene expression.MethodsSprague–Dawley rats (4 month old) were assigned to sedentary (SED) or endurance exercise-training (EXE) groups (n = 8/group). EXE animals were trained on the treadmill for 10 days at a speed of 30 m/min at 0° incline for 60 min/day. SED and EXE animals were sacrificed (24 h after the final training bout) and the ileum was stored for analyses.ResultsThe ileum of EXE had higher (p < 0.05) antioxidant protein levels of manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase compared to SED with no change (p > 0.05) in the lipid peroxidation biomarker 4-hydroxynonenal. Ileum mRNA expression of the tight junction gene zonulin increased (p < 0.05) and claudin 1 decreased (p < 0.05) in EXE compared to SED, but occludin and zonula occluden 1 were not different (p > 0.05) between SED and EXE. The ileum mRNA expressions of seven nutrient transporters (SLC5A8, SLC7A6, SLC6A19, SLC7A7, SLC27A2, SLC16A10, and SLC15A1) were not different between the two groups (p > 0.05). EXE had lower ileum TNFα mRNA expression (p < 0.05) compared to SED. No changes (p > 0.05) were found in the other inflammatory mRNAs including NFκB, IFNγ, IL6, CCL2, TLR4, and IL10. In addition, no changes in p-p65:p65 were detected.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that 10 days of endurance exercise training up-regulates key endogenous antioxidant enzymes, decreases select inflammation markers, and alters select markers of tight junction permeability.
Highlights
This study investigated the effects of endurance exercise training on ileum antioxidant status, as well as tight junction, inflammatory, and nutrient transporter gene expression
The aim of the present study was to investigate: (1) ileum antioxidant capacity, (2) gene markers related to intestinal barrier integrity, (3) gene markers of ileum inflammation, and (4) nutrient transporter gene adaptations in the ileum that occur in response to a global physiological challenge
We hypothesized that endurance exercise training for 10 days would increase endogenous antioxidant protein levels and modify tight junction, inflammatory, and nutrient transporter gene expression in the ileum
Summary
This study investigated the effects of endurance exercise training on ileum antioxidant status, as well as tight junction, inflammatory, and nutrient transporter gene expression. A known reactive oxygen species, causes tissue breakdown and activates nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) which initiates transcription of several pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL6), interferon-γ (IFNγ), and interleukin 1β (IL1β) [2] This cascade results in the disruption of tight junction proteins resulting in enhanced intestinal permeability. The aim of the present study was to investigate: (1) ileum antioxidant capacity, (2) gene markers related to intestinal barrier integrity, (3) gene markers of ileum inflammation, and (4) nutrient transporter gene adaptations in the ileum that occur in response to a global physiological challenge (e.g., endurance exercise). We hypothesized that endurance exercise training for 10 days would increase endogenous antioxidant protein levels and modify tight junction, inflammatory, and nutrient transporter gene expression in the ileum
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