Abstract
Optimum ionizing efficiency in an orbitron is strongly dependant on end-effects; they disturb the radial electrostatic field, affect the sensitivity of the device and, at the same time, the optimum positioning of the electron emitter. The ionizing efficiency also depends on space charge effects. The influence of end-effects in an orbitron varies considerably with the electronic current: it is relatively important for small current (for instance in an ionization gauge for ultrahigh vacuum), and less important at high electronic current (as in an ionic pump).
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