Influence of elevated protein and tannin-rich peanut skin supplementation on growth performance, blood metabolites, carcass traits and immune-related gene expression of grazing meat goats.

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to define whether elevated rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) and tannin-rich peanut skin (PS) supplementation would affect animal growth performance, average daily gain (ADG), blood metabolites, carcass traits associated with lipogenic and immune-related gene expressions in meat goats grazing winter wheat (WW). Thirty-six Kiko-crossbreed male goats at approximately 6months of age were blocked by body weight (BW; 25.6±1.1kg) and randomly assigned to one of the four treatments with two replicates based on a 2×2 factorial design. Diets contained PS replacing alfalfa meal (ALM), without or with RUP supplementation. Both PS and ALM were incorporated into grain mix portion of the diet and pelletized, with remaining diets fed ad libitum of WW forage for a period of 51days. Lipogenic genes examined included SCD, ACLY, YWHAZ, PPIA and FABP4, while immune-related genes examined included ACTB (as a control gene), H3F3A, PPIA, IRF3, STAT2, HERC3 and IFIT3 antibody genes. The meat goats on PS-pellet-supplemented group with or without RUP supplementation grew 38.5% faster ADG (p<.001) when compared to control-supplemented group. When goats received PS diet, empty body weight, hot carcass, cold carcass, shoulder, hind shank, rack, loin and fat thickness were greater (p<.05) than control diet. Animals on PS-pellet had higher ACLY, YWHAZ, PPIA and FABP4 gene expression (p<.05) when compared to ALM-pellet control, with RUP by PS-pellet interactions (p<.01). Goats receiving additional RUP supplementation had increased (p<.05) STAT2 gene expression, whereas goats receiving PS-pellet supplementation showed increased STAT2 (p<.05) and a tendency to increase IRF3 (p=.07) gene expressions. In conclusion, the addition of PS-pellet or RUP supplementation has the potential to improve ADG and altered selected lipogenic and immune-related gene expressions.