Abstract
We performed ultrafast, optical pump and second-harmonic-generation (SHG) probe measurements to study the effects of electronic temperature (Te) and distribution on the second-order nonlinear susceptibility [χ(2)] for a gold surface. These measurements clarify the physical origin of the recently observed power-law deviation of the SHG signal at high illuminating intensities. The study of SHG is extended to the high Te regime, and the results agree with a model calculation presented in this letter. The consistency between the experimental and theoretical results in this letter provides a uniform picture of the effects of the electronic temperature and distribution on χ(2).
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