Abstract
AbstractThe light transmission and optical density of suspensions of Silver Hill illite were investigated at pH 7 in mixed Na‐K‐Ca‐Mg perchlorate solutions of variable composition, with total charge concentrations varying between 1 and 10 molc m−3. The quantitative relationship between percentage light transmission (T), a measure of flocculation, and bivalent exchangeable cation charge fraction (Eblv) was found to be independent of whether the bivalent cation was Ca2+ or Mg2+. As the total perchlorate concentration was decreased, the graph of T vs. Eblv changed gradually from an upward‐inclined line with nonzero y‐intercept, to a sigmoid curve with zero y‐intercept, to a “step function” with a definite threshold value of the bivalent charge fraction above which flocculation occurred. For total perchlorate concentrations below 5 molc m−3, a sharp rise in suspension optical density, a measure of dispersion, was observed as the charge fraction of exchangeable Na was increased from 0.05 to 0.20. For perchlorate concentrations above 5 molc m−3, only a gradual increase in turbidity with exchangeable Na charge fraction was found. These results indicate that the relation between flocculation/dispersion and exchangeable cations for illite depends sensitively on the total electrolyte concentration, but not on the type of bivalent exchangeable cation.
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