Abstract
ABSTRACTThis study was carried out to evaluate the effect of electroejaculation (EEJ) on the serum concentrations of the acute phase proteins (APPs) serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp), and on the bone metabolism biomarkers osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP) and pyridinoline cross-links (PYD). Twenty sexually mature apparently healthy male camels were assigned to EEJ. Parallel, 8 naturally mated male camels were enrolled as a control group. Three blood samples were collected from each camel: just before (T0), directly after (T1) and 24 h after (T2) EEJ or natural mating camels. The serum concentrations of the APPs and bone biomarkers were determined. The serum concentrations of SAA increased significantly at T1 compared to T0. In none of the 2 groups was the serum concentration of Hp differed significantly. The serum concentrations of OC increased significantly at T1 compared to T0. In none of the 2 groups was the serum concentration of b-ALP differed significantly among T0, T1 and T2. It is concluded that acute phase reaction, manifested by significant increases of SAA, had occurred in male camels as a result of EEJ. In addition, EEJ increased serum concentration of the bone formation biomarker OC.
Highlights
Electroejaculation (EEJ) is used frequently to collect semen from infertile dromedary camels (Skidmore et al 2013; Ali et al 2014; Tharwat, Ali, et al 2014)
The mean serum concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA) did not differ among T0, T1 and T2 values
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study in male camels emphasizing the influence of EEJ on serum concentrations of acute phase proteins (APPs) (SAA and Hp), and bone formation (OC, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP)) and bone resorption (PYD) biomarkers
Summary
Electroejaculation (EEJ) is used frequently to collect semen from infertile dromedary camels (Skidmore et al 2013; Ali et al 2014; Tharwat, Ali, et al 2014). The acute phase proteins (APPs) are a class of blood proteins that can be used to assess the systemic response of the innate immune system to infection, inflammation or trauma (Murata et al 2004; Petersen et al 2004; Ceron et al 2005). The origin of APR can be attributed to infection, inflammation, surgical trauma, or other causes (Petersen et al 2004; Ceron et al 2005), and the purpose of the response is to restore homeostasis and to remove its disturbance (Ebersole and Cappelli 2000; Ceron et al 2005)
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