Abstract
As eco-friendly “green tires” are being developed in the tire industry, conventionally used carbon black is being replaced with silica in rubber compounds. Generally, as a lubricant and dispersing agent, processing aids containing zinc ions have been employed as additives. However, as zinc is a heavy metal, alternative eco-friendly processing aids are required to satisfy worldwide environmental concerns. Furthermore, non-toxic, degradable, and renewable processing aids are required to improve the mechanical properties of the rubber composites. In this study, we evaluated the effects of diverse silica-based processing aids containing hydrocarbon, benzene, and hydroxyl functional groups on the mechanical properties of rubber composites. Among them, rubber composites that used amphiphilic terpene phenol resin (TPR) with hydrophilic silica showed compatibility with the hydrophobic rubber matrix and were revealed to improve the mechanical and fatigue properties. Furthermore, owing to the enhanced dispersion of silica in the rubber matrix, the TPR/styrene butadiene rubber composites exhibited enhanced wet grip and rolling resistance. These results indicated that TPR had multifunctional effects at low levels and has the potential for use as a processing aid in silica-based rubber composites in tire engineering applications.
Highlights
Rubber can be employed in many applications that require viscoelastic polymers and in a wide range of industrial fields by adding fillers, especially in the tire industry [1]
Results and Discussionof silica and Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) matrix were prepared with a variety of processing aids Rubber composites via aRubber latex mixing method
With a hydrocarbon, a benzene ring, and hydroxyl groups have amphiphilic and alpha methyl styrene resin (AMR) with a hydrocarbon and a benzene ring have hydrophobic properties, the alkyl phenol resin (APR) and terpene phenol resin (TPR). Properties and this astructure to hydroxyl enhance the dispersion of silica in the rubber matrix
Summary
Rubber can be employed in many applications that require viscoelastic polymers and in a wide range of industrial fields by adding fillers, especially in the tire industry [1]. Manufacturing composites with silica is more difficult due to poor dispersibility caused by strong polar bonds between the filler particles when made from non-polar rubbers [15,16,17,18] Silica coupling agents, such as bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide (TESPD) and bis(triethoxysilypropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT), have been used to enhance filler–rubber interactions by modifying the silica surface. Because processing aids, such as natural oils, have a higher molecular weight, the hydrophobic characteristic of the oil greatly hinders its dispersion and reactions with the silica and rubber matrices in the tread compound It has been less studied for zinc-free processing aids in terms of the improved mechanical properties, such as modulus, tensile strength, fatigue, and abrasion properties, using a novel processing aid. The TPR–rubber composite exhibited enhanced wet and dry braking and rolling resistance due to the improved dispersion of silica in the rubber matrix
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
