Influence of Duty Cycle and Pulse Frequency on Structures and Performances of Electrodeposited Ni-W/TiN Nanocomposites on Oil-Gas X52 Steels

Hongbin Zhang,Fengxia Xu,Fafeng Xia,Jindong Wang

doi:10.3390/coatings11101182

Abstract

This paper describes the pulse current electrodeposition (PCE) mediated preparation of Ni-W/TiN nanocomposites. Pulse current electrodeposition (PCE) was used to make Ni-W/TiN nanocomposites. The nanoindentation, wear, and corrosion of deposited Ni-W/TiN nanocomposites were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of pulse frequency (PF) and duty ratio on the shape, structure, phase structure, wear, and corrosion resistance of Ni-W/TiN nanocomposites was studied. When the duty cycle (DC) was 10%, the results demonstrated that a considerable number of fine grains were present on the deposited Ni-W/TiN nanocomposites, forming smooth, uniform, and fine organization. Increasing DC decreased the content of TiN nanoparticles in Ni-W/TiN nanocomposites. The content of TiN nanoparticles reduced from 11.3 wt % to 7.3 wt % by increasing the DC from 10% to 50%. In contrast, as the PF was increased, the TiN content in Ni-W/TiN nanocomposites increased. When the PF was increased from 50 Hz to 150 Hz, the TiN content increased from 6.4 wt % to 9.6 wt %, respectively. Furthermore, with a PF of 150 Hz and a DC of 10%, the produced Ni-W/TiN nanocomposites had an average hardness of 934.3 HV with ~39.8 µm of an average thickness. The weight loss of the Ni-W/TiN nanocomposites was just 17.2 mg at a PF of 150 Hz, demonstrating the excellent wear resistance potential. Meanwhile, the greatest impedance was found in Ni-W/TiN nanocomposites made with a DC of 10% and a PF of 150 Hz, indicating the best corrosion resistance.

Highlights

Ceramic-particle-reinforced metal-based nanocomposites (CPRMNs) have been widely utilized in compression engines and internal combustion and in petroleum tools as well as in friction parts for many years due to their excellent properties, including excellent wear resistance, high surface hardness, good cooling performance, and corrosion resistance [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
Wasekar et al [14] used pulse current deposition to create Ni-W/SiC nanocomposites. They found that the Ni2+ and W6+ ions moved to the cathode surface under electric field forces and obtained electrons on the cathode surface, resulting in the form of Ni and W atoms
When compared with nanocomposites deposited at a duty cycle (DC) of 10%, the nanocomposites exhibited uneven and rough structures in micro-regions with greater grain sizes as the DC was increased to 30% (Figure 4b)

Summary

Introduction

Ceramic-particle-reinforced metal-based nanocomposites (CPRMNs) have been widely utilized in compression engines and internal combustion and in petroleum tools as well as in friction parts for many years due to their excellent properties, including excellent wear resistance, high surface hardness, good cooling performance, and corrosion resistance [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. CPRMNs can be made in a variety of ways, including electrodeposition, chemical deposition, and brush plating. Electrodeposition is the most successful and convenient approach for prefabricating nanocomposites [9,10,11,12]. Scholars are increasingly interested in the electrodeposition preparation of Ni-TiN-, Ni-SiC-, Ni-CeO2-, and Cu-SiC-based nanocomposites. Wasekar et al [14] used pulse current deposition to create Ni-W/SiC nanocomposites. They found that the Ni2+ and W6+ ions moved to the cathode surface under electric field forces and obtained electrons on the cathode surface, resulting in the form of Ni and W atoms. Zhu et al [15] electrodeposited Ni-TiN nanocomposite on brass copper substrates. A-50D0HuXlt-r5a0s0onuilctsrtairsroenricwsatisrraeprpwliaesdatpopklieeedptothkeeseupstpheenssuiospnemnsoivoinnmg oanvidngpraenvdenptreTviNennt TaniNopnaarntiocpleasrtfircolems fcrloummpcliunmg ptoinggetthoegreitnhethr eineltehcetreolepcltartoinpglastionlgutsioonlu.tTioone. lTimo ienliamteinaantye waneyakwlyeaaktltyacahtetadchTeiNd TniaNnonpaanrotpicalertsi,calells,oafltlhoef pthreodpurocedducseadmspalmespwleesrwe reirnesreidnstehdrotuhgrohuagnhualntruasltornasiconstiicrrsetirrrfeorr f8or±80±.10m.1 imn.in

Surface Morphology

Findings

Conclusions