INFLUENCE OF DRYING ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD FROM TREES GROWN IN AN AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM

Elder Eloy,Braulio Otomar Caron,Luana Candaten,Laura Da Silva Zanchetta,Eduarda Bandera,Tauana Mangini,Rômulo Trevisan

doi:10.1590/1806-908820200000031

Abstract

ABSTRACT The cultivation of native and exotic species intercropped in an agroforestry system raises the interest for information on the properties of wood. Therefore, different methods are being tested to improve the technological properties of this material, including drying, which causes changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the wood. The present study investigated the influence of drying on the physical and mechanical properties of wood from tree species grown in an agroforestry system. Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan, Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub., Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill × Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake (hybrid), and Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F.Blake were the species selected for the study. Three 9-year-old individuals of each of the species were obtained from an agroforestry system. Thirty wood samples (2.5 × 2.5 × 41 cm) were extracted from each species. The wood samples were divided between temperature treatments; 6 samples were used for each heat treatment (control, 120, 150, 180, and 210 °C), which were then dried for two hours in an oven (with forced air circulation). Following the heat treatment, the mechanical properties of wood samples were evaluated to determine the modulus of elasticity and rupture, the tension in the proportional limit, and maximum force according to the ASTM D-143-94 (2000) standard. Finally, the physical properties of the retractability of the wood samples were evaluated according to the NBR 7190 (ABNT, 1997) standard. Specimens used to analyze this variable came from sections of the wood (sample dimensions: 2.5 × 2.5 × 5 cm) not affected by the static bending test. Our findings indicate that, for all species investigated in this study, drying alters the physical and mechanical properties of the wood, with the most significant changes occurring at temperatures between 120 and 180 °C.

Highlights

Wood, a product derived from the metabolism of trees, is considered a distinct raw material because of its unique properties; it is an organic material that is heterogeneous, porous, hygroscopic, and anisotropic (Almeida et al, 2016)
The wood samples were divided between temperature treatments; 6 samples were used for each heat treatment, which were dried for two hours in an oven
The mechanical properties of wood samples were evaluated to determine the modulus of elasticity and rupture, the tension in the proportional limit, and maximum force according to the ASTM D-143-94 (2000) standard

Summary

Introduction

A product derived from the metabolism of trees, is considered a distinct raw material because of its unique properties; it is an organic material that is heterogeneous, porous, hygroscopic, and anisotropic (Almeida et al, 2016). Owing to its unique characteristics, wood has been gaining popularity in different scenarios, among them, in civil construction and furniture manufacturing, leading to an increase in the number of planted forests over time (Fontoura et al, 2015). In this context, agroforestry systems (SAFs) are likely a promising alternative, with the plantation of a consortium of both native and exotic tree species for wood production, while conserving natural resources (Lenci et al, 2018). Methods have been developed that aim to improve the physical and mechanical characteristics of the material, such as the process of drying (Freitas et al, 2016)

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