Abstract
Current seismic analysis contemplates the simultaneous use of the orthogonal components of an earthquake in order to determine the structural stresses closer to reality. This has led to these components being combined considering a fraction of them, as applying them completely would lead to excessively conservative results. However, their application is carried out considering that the direction of the components coincides with the orientation of the orthogonal axes that define the resistant structure. The assumption takes on special importance when it comes to establishing performance demands on a structure based on nonlinear time-history analysis. To establish the proportional relationship between the seismic components, the angle of incidence is used, which is one of the imponderable variables of an earthquake. In this investigation, a group of reinforced concrete structural archetypes with various typologies and regularity in plan is presented, which allow the effect of the angle of incidence in determining the maximum displacement demands to be studied. To study the response, a set of strong earthquakes recorded in Chile is used, obtaining the angle of incidence that produces the maximum displacement demands through interstory drift and roof displacement. A statistical analysis is also carried out in which the influence of the angle of incidence that produces the maximum response is studied.
Highlights
At present, the seismic-resistant design of structures is based on the results of the seismic analysis carried out considering two components of ground acceleration, which are transformed into seismic forces that act in two directions
Multidirectional incremental dynamic analysis (MIDA), using pairs of records and incident angles generated by Latin hypercube sampling (LHS), has been proposed to take into account the variability of seismic excitation and the angle of incidence, focused on the implementation of incremental dynamic analysis for performance-based design [29]
Among all the results of the nonlinear time‐history analysis, the two parameters of the seismic response chosen are interstory drift and roof displacement
Summary
The seismic-resistant design of structures is based on the results of the seismic analysis carried out considering two components of ground acceleration, which are transformed into seismic forces that act in two directions. The influence of the angle of incidence of an earthquake has mainly been determined using three-dimensional nonlinear time-history analysis on reinforced concrete frame structures of between one and four stories, not necessarily applying both records simultaneously This is found in several works [3,8,10,11,12], among others, with increments of incidence angles ranging from 1◦ to 22.5◦. A bridge with curvature in plan studied by Gao et al [23] using nonlinear time-history analysis, combined with seismic records with incidence angles varying between 0◦ and 180◦ in 6◦ increments, presented variations in force and moments of up to 45% with respect to the conventional analysis. Some of the cited works are presented in greater detail, which will allow a better understanding of the different approaches that have been applied to the problem
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