Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that probiotics can be used to treat allergic asthma by modulating the gut microbiota, and that the effects of probiotics may be influenced by environmental factors such as diet. We conducted a rat model with allergic asthma (AA) modulated by Lactobacillus paracasei, feeding up with high-fat or high-fiber diets based on collecting data from 85 questionnaires. The systemic proinflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA and the overall structure of fecal microbiota was analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed consumption of a high-fiber diet alleviated the allergic symptoms and airway inflammation, and led to improving the imbalance of T-helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cells with increased expression of interferon-γ and decreased expression of interleukin-4. Whereas, the high-fat diet had deteriorating implications and skewed the inflammatory perturbation. Furthermore, abundances of phylum Bacteroidetes, families Muribaculaceae, Tannerellaceae, Prevotellaceae, Enterococcaceae, genera Allobaculum, Parabacteroides, and Enterococcus were enriched in L. paracasei-modulating rats fed with high-fiber diet. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, families Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae, genera Blautia, unidentified_Ruminococcaceae, unidentified_Clostridiales and Oscillibacter were in relatively high abundance in the rats administered high-fat diet. Association between changed microbiota and inflammatory cytokines was also conferred. These data indicated that the efficacy of L. paracasei in allergic asthma was influenced by different dietary patterns. Hence, diet is important for probiotic therapy when managing allergic asthma.
Highlights
There has been an increase in the prevalence of allergic asthma (AA) globally, in children and in Western countries, which has led to substantial financial and medical burdens (Colombo et al, 2019)
Excessive intake of soybeans (58.18 ± 49.45 vs. 39.34 ± 34.41 g), animal-based food and condiments was common in people suffering from allergy compared with that in participants not suffering from allergy
An inadequate intake of vegetables was common in people suffering from allergy (319.43 ± 125.15 g) compared with that in participants not suffering from allergy (387.83 ± 124.62 g) (Table 2)
Summary
There has been an increase in the prevalence of allergic asthma (AA) globally, in children and in Western countries, which has led to substantial financial and medical burdens (Colombo et al, 2019). The recommended resolution for AA is to use high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICs) alone or combine them with long-acting bronchodilators. Besides the undesirable effects of long-term treatment with ICs, a significant number of asthmatic patients fail to respond to IC therapy. Th2 cytokines [e.g., interleukin(IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13] and potent proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-25, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) orchestrate mucosal inflammation. Inflammatory mediators have been shown to impair or boost mucosal inflammation in the airways. Over recent decades, increased perturbation of the microbiota has been demonstrated to contribute to the development of allergic inflammation. Mounting evidence suggests that low diversity of the gut microbiota (GM) in early infancy is a vital risk factor for the development of immune-mediated allergic diseases (Abrahamsson et al, 2014; Tsabouri et al, 2014; Dzidic et al, 2017). Microbial colonization in germ-free mice within the first days of life or in antibiotic-treated mice has been indicated to protect against increased IgE levels (Herbst et al, 2011) and promote tolerance to aeroallergens via Tregs induction (Gollwitzer et al, 2014)
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