Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between pancreatic cancer incidence and selected dietary factors, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking in Poland in 1960–2008. Data on pancreatic cancer morbidity were derived from the National Cancer Registry and on food consumption from the national food balance sheets. In 1960–1989 correlations were found between pancreatic cancer incidence rates and energy (0.60 for males and 0.57 for females), cholesterol (0.87 and 0.80), fibre (−0.84 and −0.89) and folate (−0.45 and −0.49) intake, the consumption of total fats (0.94 and 0.91), animal fats (0,90 and 0,82), sugar (0.88 and 0.87), cereals (−0.93 and −0.91), and alcohol (0.86 and 0.82). In 1990–2008 morbidity correlated with the consumption of red meat (0.67 and 0.48), poultry (−0.88 and −0.57), and fruit (−0.62 and −0.50). Correlation with tobacco smoking was observed in the whole studied period (0.55 and 0.44). Increased incidence of pancreatic cancer in 1960–1995 was probably related to adverse dietary patterns up to 1989, especially high consumption of fats, sugar, and alcohol. Further positive changes in the diet such as lowering red meat consumption and increasing fruit consumption could influence incidence reduction in recent years. Also changes in tobacco smoking could affect the morbidity.
Highlights
Pancreatic cancer is one of the cancers of limited occurrence.It mostly concerns high-income countries, where it occurs three times as often as in middle- and low-income countries [1].In its early stage symptoms are barely observable, and, when diagnosed, the disease is usually in an advanced stage [1, 2]
It is very difficult to prove the relationship between environmental factors, lifestyle factors such as tobacco smoking, body weight, diet, and cancer
The influence of various factors on carcinogenesis needs to be proven on the basis of experimental study
Summary
Pancreatic cancer is one of the cancers of limited occurrence.It mostly concerns high-income countries, where it occurs three times as often as in middle- and low-income countries [1].In its early stage symptoms are barely observable, and, when diagnosed, the disease is usually in an advanced stage [1, 2]. Pancreatic cancer is one of the cancers of limited occurrence. It mostly concerns high-income countries, where it occurs three times as often as in middle- and low-income countries [1]. In its early stage symptoms are barely observable, and, when diagnosed, the disease is usually in an advanced stage [1, 2]. Survival rates are low; 90% of patients die within 12 months from the moment of diagnosis [3]. In. Europe pancreatic cancer is the 6th leading cause of cancer death [4]. In Poland it is ranked 7th among men and 6th among women in the list of cancers that are most frequent causes of death [5]
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