Influence of Diatomite, Zeolite and Bentonite Clay on Agrochemical Indicators Sod-Podzolic Soil and Yield Agricultural Crops

Abstract

In three-year microfield experiments on sod-podzolic light loam soil, the effect of reclamation doses (3, 6 and 12 t/ha) of siliceous rocks (diatomite, zeolite and bentonite clay) on the main agrochemical properties of the soil and crop productivity in the grain link of the crop rotation of winter wheat-spring barley-seed peas was studied. Among other positive effects, a significant effect of diatomite was found in reducing the concentration of exchangeable forms of aluminum in the soil (by 0.11 mg-eq/100 g), increasing the content of exchangeable forms of magnesium (by 0.33 mg-eq/100 g) and phosphates of soil solution (by 225%). Against the background of the influence of diatoms, barley gave the greatest increase in grain yield (by 38%) and straw (by 29%). The most significant effect of zeolite was revealed in a decrease in the actual, metabolic and hydrolytic acidity of the soil (a decrease of 1.11, 0.48 pH units and 0.33 mg-eq/100 g), as well as the concentration of exchange compounds of calcium (an increase of 17.7 mg-eq/100 g), magnesium (by 12.0 mg-eq/100 g) and potassium (by 46%). The introduction of zeolite rock contributed to the greatest increase in the yield of grain (by 32%) and straw (by 23%) of barley. The most significant influence of bentonite clay was established on the indicators of actual soil acidity (their decrease by 0.65 pH units), the content of exchangeable aluminum (decrease by 0.19 mg-eq /100 g) and phosphates of soil solution (increase by 175%). The introduction of clay contributed to the formation of the greatest increase in grain yield (by 33%) and straw (by 19%) of seed peas.