Abstract
Regenerative therapies are the developed method for regrowing, repairing, or exchanging damaged or diseased cells, tissues, or organs. Bone injury regeneration is a complicated procedure. For this reason, stimulation of the osteogenic differentiation impact on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a critical method. The goal of the current study was to test the biocompatibility and induction of early osteogenic differentiation by curcumin nanocrystals in human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) which are MSCs derived from dental pulp. In this study, curcumin nanocrystals were produced through the spray‐drying technique and then were characterized using conventional methods. Then, cytotoxicity and proliferative properties of curcumin nanocrystals were evaluated in different concentrations at 48 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days which were measured by the MTT test, and a special kit was used to determine the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The results of this study displayed that the prepared nanocurcumin with the mean particle size of 128 nm, spherical morphology, and the negative surface charge did not show a toxic effect on dental pulp cells in most concentrations for 48 and 72 hours and was toxic only at a concentration of 25 μM. Also, comparing the toxicity of different doses at 7 days showed that at concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10, and 25 μM, cell growth was significantly inhibited. ALP activity was increased in two weeks compared to one week and also compared to that of the control group significantly (p < 0.05). Considering the positive possessions of nanocurcumin on the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs and its low toxicity, this substance can be considered in the planning of regenerative protocols.
Highlights
The main cell types are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are used in regenerative therapies, and their main extraction sites are adipose tissue or bone marrow
To the best of our knowledge, there are evidences, which state that curcumin may play a part in the mineralization of stem cells; the present study presents a new approach to improve the induction of osteogenic differentiation of Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)
The results exhibited that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) treatment with PEGOA nanocurcumin (10 μM) for 12 hours significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and increased the expression of antioxidant genes involving catalase and homoxygenase-1. These results indicate that PEGOA nanocurcumin can protect hMSC [41]
Summary
The main cell types are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are used in regenerative therapies, and their main extraction sites are adipose tissue or bone marrow. Dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (D-dMSCs) are an attractive turning point for tissue regeneration because these cells have been stated to show a great capacity to differentiate into chondrogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic lineages, with a special capability to increase mineralization of the bone [3]. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are isolated from dental pulp. These pluripotent cells can be differentiated into several cell types such as odontoblast, osteoblast, chondroblast, neuroblast, fibroblast, and myoblast adipocytes [4, 5]
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