Influence of CRP on Antibiotics Prescription Pattern for Dental Infections: A Prospective Interventional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Over the years, antibiotic prescription rates have increased dramatically for the treatment of dentoalveolar infections. A byproduct of this indiscriminate antibiotic prescription by dentists is the antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistant infections are a severe global health problem, putting the capacity to treat common diseases and perform complex medical procedures at risk. Aim: To compare the amount of antibiotics prescribed for dental infections with and without analysing C-reactive Protein (CRP) value. Materials and Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted in Manipal University College Malaysia (MUCM) dental clinic between October 2020 to March 2021 to record the antibiotic prescription by dentists. The study was divided into two phases where phase I had 28 subjects and phase II had 21 subjects and permission from institutional ethical committee clearance was obtained for the study. The study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of C-reactive protein (CRP) to reduce antibiotic prescriptions in MUCM Dental Clinic. Data was summarised by computing frequency and percentages. The antibiotic prescription rate during phase I (n=28) (conventional method or routine pattern of prescribing antibiotics was done) and phase II (n=21) (CRP rapid test was done and the decision whether to prescribe antibiotics or not was done accordingly) was compared. The data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software program (SPSS), version 15.0 (South Asia, Bangalore) and compared applying the Chi-square test. Results: There was no significant difference in the distribution of the presence of medical condition (p=0.201) and distribution of clinical features (p=0.804) of subjects included in phase I and phase II. The antibiotics prescription rate reduced significantly from 89.3% in phase I to 52.4% in phase II (p=0.0014), indicating that CRP rapid test helps in reducing antibiotics prescription. Conclusion: The CRP rapid test aid in lowering antibiotic prescription in dental clinic settings. This may be useful to combat antibiotic resistance in general.