Influence of Crop Rotation Fertilization System on Soil Ecology, Crop Yield and Quality of Vegetables in the South-east of Kazakhstan

Abstract

The parameters of soil fertility in the 3-field short rotary grain and vegetable crop rotation were relatively high. The humus content in the control was equal to 2,07%, for versions with organic-mineral fertilizers - 2,30-2,79%. Fertilized variants of nitrogen contained 30,8-37,8 mg/kg (control - 29,4 mg/kg), potassium - 380-540 mg/kg (control - 305 mg/kg). The absorption capacity of the soil is reduced bases - 15-17mg eq./100g at baseline - 20-21 mEq./100g. Amongst the predominant cations is calcium (85-87%). The content of heavy metals in the soil within the permissible limits, however, their level increases, which can lead to contamination of soil and products. Texture of the soil has changed for the worse (fraction <0,01 mm from 43-45% to 54-57%). Improvement of soil fertility parameters can only be achieved when organic and mineral fertilizers vegetable crop rotation system. Fertilizer increased the yield of potato tubers to the control (18,7 t/ha) at 17,11-51,34%. Increase crop of onions from fertilizers to the control (28,5 t/ha) was 6,215,6 t/ha (21,75-54,74%). Harvest of sugar beet from fertilizers increased from 26,5 t/ha (control) to 31,9-42,1 t/ha. Additionally received 20,38-58,87%. Most effective on potatoes N180P180K180, onions and beets - N150P90K120. In tubers increased solids content (24,86-25,18%) and starch (16,0-17,8%). Quality bulbs and roots varied little depending on the conditions of mineral nutrition.