Influence of crop cultivation conditions on space greenhouse equivalent system mass

Abstract

Future crewed space missions will make use of hybrid life support systems to sustain human presence in space and on other planetary bodies. Plants fulfill essential roles in those systems such as carbon dioxide removal, oxygen production, and food production. The systems required to grow plants in space, so-called space greenhouses, are complex and need to be built as efficient as possible. Thereby, the resources mass, volume, energy, and crewtime required to grow a certain amount of food are essential because these parameters define the effectiveness of the space greenhouse. However, the required resources depend on the size of the greenhouse which in turn depends on the productivity of the crops which in turn depend on the cultivation conditions. The output of such a system can be calculated using the Modified Energy Cascade plant production model, which can simulate the food output depending on the cultivation conditions. Traditionally, life support systems are evaluated using the Equivalent System Mass method, which can determine the cost effective life support architecture for a given mission scenario. By combining both, the influence of the cultivation conditions inside the space greenhouse on the effectiveness of the complete system can be investigated. It seems counterintuitive first, but it is more effective to increase the energy per area provided to the plants in the form of light. Although that increases the electrical energy demand per area, the reduction in required cultivation area and, therefore, system size leads to a more efficient system.