Influence of Cr on structural and optical properties of TiO2:Cr nanopowders prepared by flame spray synthesis

Abstract

Influence of chromium incorporation on structural and optical properties of titanium dioxide nanopowders obtained by flame spray synthesis, FSS is studied by means of: X-ray diffraction, XRD; Raman spectroscopy; transmission electron spectroscopy, TEM; photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS and optical spectrophotometry over the ultraviolet, UV and visible range of the light spectrum from 250 nm to 2200 nm. The specific surface area, SSA, of the powders has been adjusted from 48 m2/g for TiO2 + 0.1at.% Cr to 177 m2/g for TiO2 + 15 at.% Cr which is accompanied by a decrease in the anatase grain size from 21 nm to 5 nm. The anatase-to-rutile ratio changes with Cr3+ concentration but there is no evidence of precipitation of chromium oxides or chromium titanates. Incorporation of Cr3+ into TiO2 lattice, as proved by XPS, is found to affect the electronic structure of TiO2, as indicated by the optical spectrophotometry. The impurity band is formed within the forbidden band gap of titanium dioxide which results in the additional absorption within the visible range of the light spectrum. The general aim of this work is to improve the visible light absorption and hence the efficiency of photocatalytic decomposition of organic contaminants.