Influence of Cr, Ni, and Zn on the properties of pure clinker phases: Part I. C 3S

Abstract

Results are reported on the influence of Cr, Ni, and Zn on the properties of the pure clinker phases C 3S, C 3A, and C 4AF. Part I deals with the most important clinker phase C 3S. Samples were prepared with dosages of 0.02, 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, and 5.0 wt.% of Cr, Ni, and Zn (in form of their oxides). The doped C 3S was investigated for the content of free lime, the rate of evaporation of the metals, and by X-ray powder diffraction. The rate of heat liberation of ground samples was followed by differential scanning calorimetry for 2 days. The hydration products were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy combined with an energy-disperse X-ray spectrometer. All in all the heavy metals only have an influence on the structure and reactivity of the C 3S when the dosage is much higher than in ordinary portland cement.