Abstract
Clinical benefits of probiotics have been clearly reported in different gastrointestinal disorders, many of them caused by enterobacteria. The oral cavity is a port of entry and can be an important reservoir of these microorganisms. This work evaluated whether consumption of probiotics was able to influence the presence of enterobacteria in the oral cavity and the specific secretory response against these microorganisms. Saliva samples of healthy individuals were collected and plated in MacConkey agar. Carriers of Gram-negative, rod-shaped microorganisms in the oral cavity were selected and instructed to use the probiotic Yakult LB for 20 days. Saliva was then collected and enterobacteria species were identified using the API 20 E system and by ELISA using anti-enterobacteria IgA. The results showed reduction in the prevalence of enterobacteria, but no significant changes in enterobacterial counts (log CFU/mL; p = 0.3457). The species most frequently isolated were Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella oxytoca, both before and after probiotic consumption. No significant changes were observed in anti-enterobacteria IgA levels. In conclusion, probiotic consumption had some influence on enterobacterial presence in the oral cavity, but did not affect enterobacterial counts or the specific immune secretory response against them.
Highlights
Probiotics are food supplements containing live microorganisms or microbial cell components that promote host health.[1]
Clinical benefits of probiotics have been clearly documented for different gastrointestinal disorders and in immunotherapy against cancer and allergies.[3]
After taking probiotic for 20 days, 5/20 individuals no longer tested positive for enterobacteria, indicating a 25% reduction in the prevalence of enterobacteria in the oral cavity
Summary
Probiotics are food supplements containing live microorganisms or microbial cell components that promote host health.[1] Clinical benefits of probiotics have been clearly documented for different gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., lactose intolerance, viral and bacterial gastroenteritis, and inflammatory bowel disease2) and in immunotherapy against cancer and allergies.[3] The presence of probiotic microorganisms in intestinal mucosa can prevent the colonization of pathogens, probably via competitive effects, production of antimicrobial substances, and/or modulation of mucosal immunity.[4,5,6]. Shu et al.[7] observed that the consumption of probiotic bacteria induced a reduction in diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli toxin in pigs. The authors observed an increase in phagocyte activity and in levels of IgA antibodies, reducing the mortality caused by E. coli 0157:H7 in mice.[8] Jespersen[9] observed an inhibitory effect of probiotics in pathogenicity of Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, and Clostridium difficile in infant acute gastroenteritis
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