Abstract
BackgroundConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has diverse influences on the immune response in different experimental models. In the present study we investigated the effect of CLA feeding on inflammatory and immune responses in a piglet model. We studied the duration of this effect and possible detrimental effects of CLA feeding. After 12 weeks of CLA and control supplementation and washout, animals were sacrificed and parenchymal organs were histologically examined.ResultsIn activated peripheral mononuclear cells interferon-γ was significantly (p = 0.008) lower in the CLA group by the end of the feeding period. This effect disappeared as soon as supplementation was stopped. No differences were found in the tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-10 production, serum immunoglobulin-G levels and fat infiltration of the liver, except that fat storage cell infiltration was significantly (p < 0.04) higher in the CLA-fed group. The effect of time for interferon-γ, interleukin-10 and immunoglobulin-G levels was statistically significant.ConclusionAt the end of the feeding period the interferon-γ response was depressed. However, the maturation of the piglet immune system in our young pig model probably outweighs the impact of CLA feeding on the immune response, even though liver fat storage cell infiltration, which plays an important role in liver regeneration, increased during CLA feeding of the piglets.
Highlights
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has diverse influences on the immune response in different experimental models
CLA affects accumulation of lipids [12] and interconversion of fatty acids in the mouse liver [13], but reduces hepatic steatosis in CLA fed rats [14]. Because of these diverse influences of CLA on the immune response and metabolism, we investigated the effect of CLA feeding on the modulation of the inflammatory and immune responses in a pig model in the present study
The ex vivo LPS and IONO&phorbol 12-myristat 13-acetate (PMA) challenge, which we used in this study was, to our knowledge, the first ever performed on pigs in studies of the immunological influence of CLA
Summary
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has diverse influences on the immune response in different experimental models. In the present study we investigated the effect of CLA feeding on inflammatory and immune responses in a piglet model. We studied the duration of this effect and possible detrimental effects of CLA feeding. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are naturally occurring fatty acids found in dairy products and the meat of ruminants. CLA isomers are formed in the rumen of ruminants as intermediates in the hydrogenation of linoleic acid to vaccenic acid, with the cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer (c9, t11CLA) accounting for at least 90% of the possible isomers. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to influence the immune system. CLA decreases inflammatory tissue damage by modifying cell membranes and influencing eicosanoid production and cell signalling events [1,2]. Similarities between pigs and humans makes the pig a frequently used (page number not for citation purposes)
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