Abstract
Internal combustion engines are widely implemented in several applications; however, they still face significant challenges due to the sealing capacity of the compression rings. Gas leakage through the crankcase, also known as blow-by, directly impacts power losses, overall efficiency, and global emissions. Therefore, the present study investigates the influence of parameters such as the ring gap, ring masses, and twist angle of the compression rings on the sealing capacity of the combustion chamber. A mathematical model is proposed to account for geometric, dynamic, and operational characteristics in a single-cylinder diesel engine. The results indicated that the greatest gas losses to the crankcase occur during the compression and combustion stages as a consequence of extreme pressure conditions. Specifically, at least 0.5% of the gases locked in the combustion chamber are released on each cycle, while increasing the mass of the compression rings boosts the gas leakage due to higher inertial forces in the rings. In contrast, a positive twist angle of the compression rings reduced the combustion gases leakage by 7.33×10−5 g/cycle. Additionally, a combined reduction in the gap of both compression rings minimized the leakage flows by 37%. In conclusion, the proposed model served as a robust tool to evaluate different parameters on the sealing capacity of the combustion chamber that contribute to minimizing global emissions. Secondary piston motion and ring distortion represent significant opportunities in future studies.
Highlights
Internal combustion engines (ICE) have played a central role in socio-economic development worldwide due to versatile operations in various sectors
A sensitivity analysis was introduced to unravel the impact of the gap, mass, and twist angle of the compression rings
Incorporating the secondary compression ring within the performance evaluation stands as a unique factor of the present investigation
Summary
Internal combustion engines (ICE) have played a central role in socio-economic development worldwide due to versatile operations in various sectors. The adverse environmental impact associated with their operation set a pressing need to propose solutions to minimize the global warming potential. Both industry and academia are incorporating new technologies to mitigate the harmful effects caused by the operation of thermal machines [1]. The integration of waste heat recovery (WHR) systems [2] has emerged as a promising alternative to improve overall efficiency while minimizing fuel consumption and emissions levels. Governmental and international organizations have imposed strict legislative regulations to mitigate the overwhelming rate of fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse emissions [3]. The aforementioned strategies enable significant reductions in fuel consumption and emissions levels [7,8]
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