Influence of composition and microstructure on mechanical working properties of copper-base alloys

Abstract

Alloy compositions for optimum hot and cold mechanical working operations are reviewed with special reference to brasses, bronzes, and nickel silvers. The effects of impurities are discussed, with the compilation of realistic specifications. The control of microstructure and grain size and their relevance to subsequent operations such as deep drawing are examined. The influence of structure and composition on inherent weaknesses such as ‘season cracking’, ‘fire cracking’, and ‘stretcher strain’ marking are considered, together with special effects such as ‘microduplexing’ and ‘stress relieving’ to achieve enhanced spring properties.