Abstract
Antigen‐sampling M cells in the follicle‐associated epithelium (FAE) of Peyer's patches take up various antigens from intestinal lumens for initiation of antigen‐specific immune responses. Our recent finding showed that villous M cells also act as alternative antigen‐sampling cells. However, the influence of commensal microflora on the M cell mediated antigen‐sampling system in the intestinal FAE and villi have not been elucidated. Our recently established M cell‐specific monoclonal antibody (NKM 16‐2‐4) and lectin Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA‐1), which posses the specificity to M cell‐specific carbohydrate molecule of α(1,2) fucose, specifically react with both of PP‐associated and villous M cells. Whole mount examination of small intestine using UEA‐1 and NKM16‐2‐4 revealed higher numbers of UEA‐1+NKM16‐2‐4+ double positive (DP) cells were observed in ileum than duodenum of naïve mice. In contrast, low numbers of DP cells are found in germ‐free mice, even in ileum. Subsequent metagenomic analysis revealed that segmented filamentous bacteria are predominant in mucus and epithelial layers in ileum than duodenum. These results suggest that distribution of specific commensal bacteria influences on the induction and maintenance of the mucosal antigen‐sampling system.
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