Abstract
Individual’s self-esteem and self-identity is affected by group memberships and affiliations: social groups like families, teams, cliques, schools, cities, and countries (Abrams & Hogg, 1988; Crocker, Luhtanen, Blaine, & Broadnax, 1994). The collective self-esteem (CSE) scale developed by Luhtanen and Crocker (1992) measures individuals’ self-esteem with reference to their interactions with social groups and its influence on their self-identity. The CSE scale consists of four sub-scales: membership esteem, private CSE, public CSE, and importance to identity.
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