Abstract
This study investigated the influence of coal bottom ash (CBA) on the concrete properties and evaluate the effects of combined exposure of sulphate and chloride conditions on the concrete containing CBA. During concrete mixing, cement was replaced with CBA by 10% of cement weight. Initially, concrete samples were kept in normal water for 28days. Next, the specimens were moved to a combined solution of 5% sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) and 5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution for a further 28 to 180days. The experimental findings demonstrated that the concrete containing 10% CBA (M2) gives 12% higher compressive strength than the water cured normal concrete (M1). However, when it was exposed to a solution of 5% Na2SO4 and 5% NaCl, gives 0.2% greater compressive strength with reference to M1. The presence of 10% CBA decreases the chloride penetration and drying shrinkage around 33.6% and 29.2% respectively at 180days. Hence, this study declared 10% CBA as optimum that can be used for future research.
Highlights
Coal is a source of energy to produce electricity
The Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) particles mostly fall in the range of 4.75 mm to 90 μm (Singh et al, 2015).The particles size of CBA are coarser and almost comparable to that of fine aggregate due to that CBA is formerly considered as sand replacement material in concrete, which causes the reduction in compressive strength of concrete (Singh & Siddique, 2016)
To evaluate the pozzolanic reaction of CBA in concrete, the specimens were prepared with 10% CBA as a replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
Summary
Coal is a source of energy to produce electricity. The burning of coal in a furnace of a power plant, results in the generation of noncombustible ashes like coal bottom ash (CBA) and fly ash (FA). In America, the coal-fired power plants produces around 22.6 million tons of FA and 3.8 million of CBA (ACAA, 2017), Malaysian power plants contributes around 6.8 million tons of FA and about 1.7 million tons of CBA annually (Rafieizonooz, Mirza, Salim, Hussin, & Khankhaje, 2016) and in Indian around 155 power plants are operated on coal and produces approximately 169.25 million tons of FA and 34 million tons of CBA (CEA, 2017) It was reported by Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi that the fly ash is almost 63.28% utilized for different purposes i.e., concrete, cement, earth filling, masonry, road embankments, agriculture, and others (CEA, 2017).
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