Influence of Clinical and Demographic Variables 0n the Quality of Life in Patients with Cervical Cancer

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where it disproportionately affects women's quality of life (QoL). Understanding the impact of clinical and demographic variables on the QoL of patients with cervical cancer is crucial for improving care and support strategies. Objective: This study aims to assess how clinical and demographic factors influence the QoL of Pakistani women diagnosed with cervical cancer, comparing these findings against established benchmarks for both healthy individuals and those with malignancies. Methods: Conducted at a leading cancer centre in Pakistan from April to September 2022, this cross-sectional study involved 186 women with histopathologically confirmed cervical cancer, identified through a population-based cancer database. QoL was evaluated using the Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 (Version 3.0) questionnaire, encompassing functional scales, symptom scales, single-item scales, and a global health status score. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, applying logistic regression to identify factors significantly associated with QoL outcomes. Results: The median global health status score for enrolled patients was 50.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 33.3 - 66.7], significantly lower than the reference values for healthy females (58.0 [IQR 41.3 - 82.7]) and those with any malignancy (71.0 at age 55). Functional scale scores indicated compromised physical (65.7 [IQR 60.0 - 75.0]) and social (67.7 [IQR 56.0 - 100]) functioning. Symptom scale scores revealed high levels of pain (84.3 [IQR 65.7 - 84.3]) and fatigue (78.8 [IQR 55.7 - 88.7]). Regression analysis highlighted age and education level as significant predictors of physical health outcomes. Conclusion: The study underscores the profound impact of cervical cancer on the QoL of Pakistani women, with age and education level emerging as key determinants. These findings call for tailored interventions to address the specific needs of this patient population, emphasizing the need for early detection and comprehensive support services.