Influence of climatic factors on the implementation of intelligent transport system technologies in the regions of the Far North and the Arctic

Abstract

Taking into account natural and climatic factors in various regions of the Far North and the Arctic is extremely important for organizing the successful pickup and delivery of various goods and passengers. These factors have a particular impact on the transportation of goods and passengers by road. The well-known advantages of motor vehicles over other modes of transport, such as mobility, the possibility of door-to-door delivery, low capital costs for transportation organization, etc., make this mode of transport indispensable in the Far North and the Arctic. Meanwhile, the requirements for the reliability and safety of transportation are increasing significantly.The paper discusses a method of forecasting the operation time of temporary transport routes (winter roads) used for transportation most of the year. The volume of transported goods and transportation safety largely depend on the accuracy of such forecasting. Changes in weather conditions, deterioration of visibility, a sharp drop in temperature also have a significant impact on transportation safety and reliability, which makes it urgent to inform the participants of the transportation process about the current situation on the transport route. At the present stage, the main direction of road transport development is the expansion of the use of intelligent transport systems. The development of satellite navigation, on the one hand, and equipment of vehicles with on-board systems to inform drivers about weather conditions along the route, on the other hand, have created the basis for the use of intelligent transport systems (Prikhodko 2011), in particular, meteorological monitoring and information subsystems. The data received from the meteorological monitoring subsystem using external means of information should be sent to the driver for making a prompt decision on how to operate the vehicle. In this regard, it is required to design highly automated vehicles (HAVs), when data are processed from all vehicle subsystems in aggregate, and not from each separate subsystem. HAVs, or so-called unmanned transport systems, are a necessary link in the development of northern territories and in solving one of the global problems of the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation — “territorial connectivity”.