Abstract
Argentina is the fifth world-wide wine producer, with an area of emerging importance in the Southwest of Buenos Aires Province, where climatic conditions are rather challenging. We studied the variations in soil and wine bacterial diversity through three consecutive vintages, and how climatic conditions affected said diversity. During the years of our study there were two harsh climatic events, a prolonged drought that extended over two vegetative periods, and an unseasonable spring frost in 2017. We found that the bacterial diversity reacted to these climatic events, given that there was a shift in the taxa exclusive to soil and wine, and shared by both, through time. Our results show a core of microorganisms in soil as well as in wine, belonging to different phyla that are conserved across the vintage years. A trend to an enrichment in Actinobacteria was detected in soil samples, whereas a high relative abundance of the Acetobacteraceae family and a scarcity of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) were detected in the wine samples. We believe our results contribute to a better understanding of the impact of climatic conditions on the soil and wine microbiota, and can provide vintners with valuable knowledge for improving their wine production.
Highlights
Argentina is ranked as the fifth wine producer after Italy, France, Spain and the United States, accounting for 4.15% (10.8 mhl) of the world’s wine production [International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV), 2020]
According to reports by the Saldungaray winery, this event had a vastly negative impact on the fruits that were in the process of growth/ripening, resulting in a loss of grape production, which prevented the individual elaboration of the different varietals (Malbec, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Sauvignon)
From the hydrological balances built for the decade, we observed a pattern in which there is a recovery time, usually during the beginning of the vegetative period (April), even to the point of hydric excess, followed by a more or less extended period of ground water depletion, water deficit until harvest time
Summary
Argentina is ranked as the fifth wine producer after Italy, France, Spain and the United States, accounting for 4.15% (10.8 mhl) of the world’s wine production [International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV), 2020]. The region accounts for only 0.16% of the wine produced in Argentina [Instituto Nacional de Vitivinicultura (INV), 2020], it is a thriving activity of great cultural and economic value, providing wines of a unique terroir Macro climatic characteristics such as temperature, rainfall patterns and winds, can modify agricultural productivity either directly or indirectly (Liu et al, 2019), due to the influence of these factors on several viticultural features, such as the harvest dates, grape maturation (effect of temperature, radiation, and carbon dioxide), and vine pests. Higher pH allows the growth of other undesired microbes and produces changes in wine flavor, color, and aroma (Berbegal et al, 2019; Drappier et al, 2019)
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