Abstract
Objective To review the influence of cleats-surface interaction on the performance and risk of injury in soccer athletes. Design Systematic review. Data Sources Scopus, Web of science, PubMed, and B-on. Eligibility Criteria Full experimental and original papers, written in English that studied the influence of soccer cleats on sports performance and injury risk in artificial or natural grass. Results Twenty-three articles were included in this review: nine related to performance and fourteen to injury risk. On artificial grass, the soft ground model on dry and wet conditions and the turf model in wet conditions are related to worse performance. Compared to rounded studs, bladed ones improve performance during changes of directions in both natural and synthetic grass. Cleat models presenting better traction on the stance leg improve ball velocity while those presenting a homogeneous pressure across the foot promote better kicking accuracy. Bladed studs can be considered less secure by increasing plantar pressure on lateral border. The turf model decrease peak plantar pressure compared to other studded models. Conclusion The soft ground model provides lower performance especially on artificial grass, while the turf model provides a high protective effect in both fields.
Highlights
Soccer is the most practiced and most popular sport worldwide [1]
These changes agree with the increased importance attributed to the cleat-surface interaction in both performance and the injury risk
The articles included in this review were as follows: (i) experimental and original papers, written in English; (ii) studied soccer cleats’ influence on sports performance in artificial or natural grass; (iii) studied soccer cleats’ influence on injury risk in artificial or natural grass analysis; (iv) compared more than one cleat model in sport tasks; (v) analyzed young and adult soccer players or used mechanical devices; and (vi) studied soccer players of both genders and all competitive levels
Summary
Soccer is the most practiced and most popular sport worldwide [1] This sport is followed by millions of people around the globe, mobilizing people to the stadium, to watch games on TV/internet, and to listen via radio. The increasing use of artificial grass field [4, 5] and changes in format and materials used in soccer cleat are examples of this adaptation [6, 7] These changes agree with the increased importance attributed to the cleat-surface interaction in both performance and the injury risk. The authors have made several conclusions as to general aspects of shoe-surface interaction This difficulty can be based on the large variability of sports modality englobed in the review [9]. Because each modality has specific sports gestures that impose different demands on cleat-surface interaction, as well as different rules, each sports modality should be considered separately [3, 19, 20]
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