Influence of Circadian Rhythm on Enamel and Other Oral Tissues- A Narrative Review

Abstract

Molecular mechanisms in regulating physiologic interactions in the human body are under the control of circadian rhythmicity. The modern lifestyle and adjusting to the globalized world have led to various imbalances and diseases. Adaptation of certain body functions according to age or environment keeps altering. Late hours, frequent travel, or some medications can confuse these primary clock genes and cause hormonal imbalance. The importance of clock genes adjustment to triggering factors of night and day time zones has a crucial role in the proper functioning of our body. Similar to the bone formation pattern, the circadian rhythm directly influences the hardest substance, the tooth enamel. Various transcription factors conduct these circadian rhythmicities through clock genes. Identifying new clock genes is in progress, and intraspecific gene variations regulate the clock proteins. Lag in the feedback system is possible if there is a possibility of alterations among the clock genes. If there is a disruption in these gene expressions, it can lead to several diseases. Aging and neurodegeneration-related diseases are also crucial in understanding circadian rhythm disturbances. Even the enamel or dentin-related disharmony related to circadian rhythms in clues of the molecular signals receiving day and night variability is possible. Specific geographical studies on the population may help understand the circadian rhythm and its effects on patterns of mineral deposition in teeth. These prove to help anthropologists though they could be more accurate greatly. This review focuses on the effects of circadian rhythm in enamel and its usage with various clock genes in other oral tissue functioning.