Influence of Chronic Alcohol Use on Osteoblastic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Cells, Bone Properties, and Hepatic and Renal Morphology of Rats.

Michelle Cardoso De Sousa,Sigmar De Mello Rode,Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo,Luciane Dias De Oliveira,Mariana Raquel Da Cruz Vegian,Luana Marotta Reis De Vasconcellos,Carolina Judica Ramos,Matheus Alves Biserra,Bruno César Almeida Costa

doi:10.1155/2018/2494918

Michelle Cardoso De Sousa, Sigmar De Mello Rode + Show 7 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2494918

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Abstract

Chronic alcohol exposure can affect the osteoblastic activity and the proliferation and differentiation of cells due to its toxic effect, which can affect negatively bone repair and bone microarchitecture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic use of 20% alcohol on rats regarding osteoblastic differentiation, extrinsic and intrinsic properties of the tibia, and hepatic and renal morphology. Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 9) in accordance with a 24-week diet. After euthanasia, kidneys, liver, and tibias were removed for analysis and femurs mesenchymal cells were collected. The results showed that chronic use of 20% alcohol influenced neither the alkaline phosphatase production nor total protein (p > 0.05) in rats, with similar formation of nodules in all groups (p > 0.05). However, significant changes in the liver and kidneys and adverse effects on the mechanical properties of the tibia were observed. According to the results, it can be concluded that the chronic use of alcohol for 24 weeks had no negative influence on the activity and differentiation of osteoblasts, but the mechanical properties of the tibia were impaired and the organs responsible for metabolism and excretion were also affected due to the consumption of alcohol.

Highlights

Due to the toxic effect of alcohol on cells, the bone tissue can be altered as a result of the decrease in osteoblastic activity and cell proliferation and differentiation [1,2,3]
This study aims to evaluate the condition of both hepatic and renal tissues, bone properties and osteoblastic activity in rats with chronic alcohol consumption to understand the cellular mechanisms by which alcohol influences the bone metabolism of these animals
When analyzing the mean in percentage of the weight gain among the groups, it was verified that the control group presented a higher percentage of weight gain, with statistically difference for the two experimental groups (ALC p < 0,05 and iso-caloric nutritional control group (ISO) p < 0,001) (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Due to the toxic effect of alcohol on cells, the bone tissue can be altered as a result of the decrease in osteoblastic activity and cell proliferation and differentiation [1,2,3] These effects were observed after direct administration of alcohol into culture cells [1, 2] or those cells of animals ingesting alcohol [3]. The deleterious effect of alcohol can hit several tissues and systems [4], with the liver being one of the organs most susceptible to the alcohol’s toxic effects of [5] These effects lead to cell injury, which causes severe changes in the hepatic tissue [6,7,8]. Renal function is affected by the chronic consumption of alcohol due to the increased metabolization of this substance, causing lesions in the kidney through the formation and excretion of toxic alcohol metabolites [9, 10].

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