Abstract
Chromium is one of the important trace elements that is essential for carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. Chromium improves glucose metabolism and reduces insulin resistance due to increased insulin sensitivity. Therefore, it is important to consider the use of chromium citrate as a nutritional supplement with potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. In this research work, we investigated the activity of the antioxidant system and the level of lipid hydroperoxides in the tissues of skeletal muscles and kidneys of experimental diabetic rats and for rats which received in their daily diet chromium citrate in the amounts 0.1 and 0.2 μg/mL of water. We induced the experimental model of diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan in the amount 150 mg/kg of body weight of the animals. We monitored glucose levels by measuring daily glucose levels with a portable glucose meter. For research, we selected animals with a glucose level > 11.1 mmol/L. We monitored the body weight of rats. On the 40th day of the study, we withdrew the animals from the experiment by decapitation. We selected the tissue for research, namely skeletal muscles and kidneys. In samples of the tissue homogenates, we measured the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of lipid peroxide oxidation products. As a result of our research, we found that the products of lipid peroxide oxidation and glutathione peroxidase activity increased in skeletal muscle of animals with diabetes mellitus. The activity of glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and the content of reduced glutathione decreased at the same time. In the kidneys of diabetic rats, the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase and content of lipid hydroperoxides increased but the activity of superoxide dismutase and the content of reduced glutathione decreased. The addition of chromium citrate to the diet of animals in amounts 0.1 and 0.2 μg/mL led to the suppression of oxidative stress. The activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and the content of lipid hydroperoxides, TBA-positive substances decreased. Also, the activity of superoxide dismutase increased with the addition of chromium citrate. These results indicate normalization of antioxidant defense in the skeletal muscle and kidneys of experimental rats with experimental diabetes given chromium citrate in the amount 0.1 mg/mL of water.
Highlights
For the rats from the II group with diabetes, the rate varied from 5.88 mmol/L – at the beginning of the trial to 16.25 mmol/L – for the first day and 22.93 mmol/L – on the 10th day after the injection of alloxan, which confirms the emergence of significant hyperglycemia
In the experimental groups, drinking of a solution of chromium citrate reduced the indices of glucose level in the blood of animals with DM
Data obtained in this study showed that alloxan significantly decreased the body weight of animals with DM compared to the control group
Summary
Blood vessels of the kidneys are damaged in patients with diabetes mellitus. The first sign of kidney damage is the appearance of Deficiency and accumulation of mineral elements in the human albumin in the urine. The optimal amount of macro- and trace elements in the most common and serious complications of diabetes characterized by body is a prerequisite for the preservation and strengthening of human albuminuria, high blood pressure, gradual renal dysfunction, and ultihealth. They participate in various physiological functions of the body, mately leads to a terminal stage of renal failure. Renal gluconeogenesis which include immune regulation with the help of humoral and cellular significantly promotes glucose homeostasis (Pecoits-Filho et al, 2016)
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