Abstract
In these potentiometric sensors, a mixed binary carbonate sensing material consisting of 90 mol% Li 2 CO 3 and 10 mol% BaCO 3 was modified by adding ceramic oxide materials such as SiO 2 , B 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 3 , CeO 2 and In 2 O 3 in different mol% concentrations. Various sensors mixed with these external oxides have shown good performance at operating temperatures below 300 °C. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that a glassy sensing phase is formed in the sensing bi-carbonate by the addition of ceramic oxides and sintered at 600 °C for 1 h. The sensor mixed with SiO 2 :B 2 O 3 :Bi 2 O 3 in 1:2:1 mol% showed an excellent response and recovery characteristics and followed a fair Nernstian behavior with a ΔEMF/dec value of −48.18 at as low as 150 °C. The decrease in operating temperature is attributed to the enhanced lithium ion migration through the glassy sensing phase of the sensing electrode.
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