Abstract
Cancers are a major challenge to health worldwide. Spinel ferrites have attracted attention due to their broad theranostic applications. This study aimed at investigating the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anticancer activities of ebselen (Eb) and cerium-nanoparticles (Ce-NPs) in the form of ZnCexFe2−XO4 on human breast and colon cancer cell lines. Bioassays of the cytotoxic concentrations of Eb and ZnCexFe2−XO4, oxidative stress and inflammatory milieu, autophagy, apoptosis, related signalling effectors, the distribution of cells through the cell-cycle phases, and the percentage of cells with apoptosis were evaluated in cancer cell lines. Additionally, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential have been investigated against different pathogenic microbes. The ZOI, and MIC results indicated that ZnCexFe2−XO4; X = 0.06 specimen reduced the activity of a wide range of bacteria and unicellular fungi at low concentration including P. aeruginosa (9.5 mm; 6.250 µg/mL), S. aureus (13.2 mm; 0.390 µg/mL), and Candida albicans (13.5 mm; 0.195 µg/mL). Reaction mechanism determination indicated that after ZnCexFe2−xO4; X = 0.06 treatment, morphological differences in S. aureus were apparent with complete lysis of bacterial cells, a concomitant decrease in the viable number, and the growth of biofilm was inhibited. The combination of Eb with ZFO or ZnCexFe2−XO4 with γ-radiation exposure showed marked anti-proliferative efficacy in both cell lines, through modulating the oxidant/antioxidant machinery imbalance, restoring the fine-tuning of redox status, and promoting an anti-inflammatory milieu to prevent cancer progression, which may be a valuable therapeutic approach to cancer therapy and as a promising antimicrobial agent to reduce the pathogenic potential of the invading microbes.
Highlights
Chiara TramontanoSpinel ferrite is a class of magnetic materials that derives its name from its similarity to the naturally occurring mineral
Our findings indicated with could reduce the level of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) protein, which is known to be anlevel essential anthat Eb-ZnFe2 O4 nanoparticles (ZFO) or Eb-ZnCe0.06 Fe1.94 O4 nanoparticles (ZCFO) alone or in combination with in combination with γ-radiation (IR) could reduce the of BCL-2 ti-apoptotic signal in MDA-MB-231 and HT-29 cells, accompanied by an increase in protein, which is known to be an essential anti-apoptotic signal in MDA-MB-231 and HT-29 cleaved caspase-3 protein, coupled with a marked curtailment of PARP-1 cleavage
In order to confirm the formation of the spinel ferrite phase, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy using a NICOLET iS10 model instrument was conducted over a range from 350 to 3000 cm−1
Summary
Chiara TramontanoSpinel ferrite is a class of magnetic materials that derives its name from its similarity to the naturally occurring mineral. Spinel ferrites have possible application in areas such as water treatment, data storage, the segregation of biomolecules, colour imaging, therapeutic diagnosis, antimicrobial activities, cores of transformers, bubble devices, electronic communication devices, sensors, and drug delivery [1,2,3,4]. The presence of larger ions shifts the oxygen ions diagonally and expands the lattice parameter. The distribution of cations over the sub-lattices has a significant effect on both the chemical and physical properties of the spinel structure and subsequently affects their applications and performance [5,6]. Manipulation of the physical properties of Co-Zn spinel ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) by the incorporation of larger ions into their structure has attracted the attention of researchers. Pawar et al [7] have addressed the changes induced in the optical properties of cobalt–zinc ferrite Co0.7 Zn0.3 Hox Fe2−x O4
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