Influence of Carbon Nanotubes on the Crystallization and Directional Tensile Behavior of High-Density Polyethylene Prepared by Dynamic-Packing Injection Molding

Abstract

The influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the crystallization and directional tensile properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was studied for samples prepared by dynamic-packing injection molding (DPIM). Oscillatory shear was imposed on the gradually cooled melt during the packing solidification stage of DPIM. For the oriented composites containing 1.8 wt% MWCNTs, the tensile fracture behavior showed typical brittle features along the flow direction (FD) and perpendicular direction (PD), which were almost the same as those that occurred in oriented pure HDPE. The elongation at break along both directions decreased due to the incorporation of MWNCTs in the oriented composites compared with the oriented pure HDPE. However, the tensile strength of the oriented HDPE/MWCNT composites was greatly improved along the FD due to the presence of carbon nanotubes; meanwhile, it was not weakened along the PD. In scanning electron microscopy observations, it was found that there were some oriented hybrid shish-kebab structures in a nanometre scale in the oriented HDPE/MWCNT composites, but not in its isotropic composites. This suggests that MWCNTs were involved in the shear-induced crystallization of HDPE. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements confirmed that the crystallinity of oriented HDPE composites with 1.8 wt% MWCNTs was higher than those of isotropic HDPE and isotropic composites, but was not obviously higher than that of oriented pure HDPE. These findings demonstrate that MWCNTs indeed affected the formation of crystalline structures, but did not greatly influence the crystallinity of HDPE under shear flow. The transition of crystalline morphology might be the reason for change in tensile behavior for the oriented HDPE/MWCNT composites compared with the oriented pure HDPE.