Abstract
The present research work is aimed at studying the influence of carbon graphene flakes nanoparticle concentrations in DI water at various heat transfer fluid temperatures of −6, −9, and −12 °C. The carbon graphene flakes (CGF) with higher concentrations of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2% with the base PCM is investigated experimentally in a stainless steel spherical capsule of 100 mm diameter, and the thermophysical properties of the CGF PCMs were interpreted with the charging behaviours of the base PCM. The CGF PCMs help to reduce the solidification time by 47 to 56% for the higher bath temperature of −6 °C in partial charging conditions. For the complete solidification, the maximum reduction in solidification time was attained between 14 and 21% for the CGF PCM with a concentration of 1.2%. The partial charging conditions favour the increase in heat flux two-fold when the bath temperature is operated at −6 °C, this reduces the demand for energy during the peak hours and shifts the peak load conditions. It is concluded that the CGF PCMs with a concentration of 1.2% help in enhancing the heat transfer rate and significantly compress the solidification duration compared to the bath temperatures of −9 °C and −12 °C.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
