Abstract
TiO2/benzoquinone hybrid films have been electrodeposited anodically from basic Ti(IV)-alkoxide solutions containing hydroquinone. The films were calcined at different temperatures between 350 and 550 °C and investigated in view of applications as photocatalyst and in dye-sensitized solar cells. Thermogravimetry analysis, differential thermo analysis, in situ X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy show the removal of the benzoquinone and starting crystallization of the TiO2 between 350 and 400 °C, followed by a further increase in the crystallinity and particle size with increasing calcination temperature, while the specific surface area is decreased due to an increasing pore size as confirmed by Kr adsorption measurements. In dye-sensitized solar cells, the higher crystallinity leads to an improved performance mainly due to improved adsorption of sensitizer dyes up to calcination temperatures of 500 °C, while all films exhibit good electron collection properties as investigated by intens...
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