Influence of Ca doping on ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles magnetic hyperthermia and cytotoxicity study

Abstract

The biocompatibility nature of the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) has exposed a superparamagnetic (SP) behavior with best saturation mass magnetization (Ms) values and monodispersed behavior. All these characteristics are essential, for their importance as nanomedicine in the magnetic hyperthermia (MH) treatment of cancer. The prepared powder samples were validated as capable MH mediators by their heating efficiency as measured by specific absorption rate (SAR) in calorimetric measurements. Three Ca2+ - substituted ZnFe2O4 NPs with different Ca2+ contents, the particle size, and crystallite size of the samples have been prepared. These ideal premises have permitted the investigation of the induction heating aptitudes wholly on the origin of the various chemical compositions. Enhanced magnetic features of prepared NPs initiated us to investigate these systems as capable MH agents. FT-IR spectra confirm that the presence of functional groups and vibrational modes of spinel structure. Composition information of the prepared NPs has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The prepared samples have significant Ms values at 15 K (< 80 emu/g). The enhance in the Ca2+ concentration up to x = 0.5 in the structure (sample) has resulted in an enhancement of the Ms at 15 K. The SAR value for the x = 0.5 sample (1 mg/mL) is nearly 6 times greater than that of the x = 0.1 (1 mg/mL) sample. Induction heating profile measurements reveal that the heating efficiency enhances with the enhancing of the ferrofluid concentration. The outcomes obtained in this current work deliver a deep and expressive understanding of the use of prepared NPs for MH cure and pave the route for using such kinds of NPs for upcoming clinical and biomedical applications. In vitro, Prestoblue® assay test analysis from skin fibroblast confirmed the synthesized NPs were biocompatible over 0–1000 μg/mL concentrations. Based on these characterizations suggested that the prepared NPs may be significant potential agents for MH application.