Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different bulk-fill resin composites, polimerization modes, and the thickness of remaining dentin on the increase of intrapulpal temperature. Methods Human-extracted upper premolar teeth (n = 10) were used to design a single-tooth model with remaining dentin thicknesses of 1 mm and 0.5 mm. Estelite Bulk-fill Flow (Tokuyama, Japan), Surefil SDR™ Flow (Dentsply Caulk, Brazil), Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior (3M, USA), and SonicFill™ 2 Bulk-fill (Kerr, USA) composites were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. The standard and high modes of a light emitted diode (LED) light curing unit (LCU) (VALO™ Utradent, USA), were used for polymerization. In order to mimic the in vivo conditions of pulpal circulation, digital flowmetry (SK-600II, SK Medical, China) was used. Intrapulpal temperature rise was measured using K type thermocoupling (CEM DT 610B, Robosem Engineering, China). Data were analyzed using three-way variance analysis (ANOVA) and the independent t-test. Results No significant statistical differences in intrapulpal temperature rise between low viscosity bulk-fill composites (SDR and Estelite) were found. The lowest intrapulpal temperature rise was found in groups which used the Filtek Bulk-fill composite. Decreases in the remaining dentin thickness increased the intrapulpal temperature rise. Significance This study demonstrated that remaining dentin thickness, filler ratio of bulk-fill composites, and power and application time of the LED-LCU may affect intrapulpal temperature rise.
Highlights
Resin composites are widely used materials for various restorative processes. ese materials, which were used in dentistry for esthetic restoration of anterior teeth in the early days, are widely used in posterior dental restorations due to the high demand for these procedures [1]
In teeth where the thickness of the dentin was 1 mm, the highest increase in intrapulpal temperature was observed in the 1st group (5.76 ± 0.85), in which SDR bulk-fill composite was polymerized using the standard mode of VALO light-emitting diode (LED)
E lowest temperature increase was observed in the 6th group (2.75 ± 0.69) where the Filtek bulk-fill composite was polymerized using the high mode of VALO LED. e intrapulpal temperature increase values (4.61–5.76) in teeth polymerized using the standard mode of VALO LED were higher than the intrapulpal temperature increase values (2.75–4.61) in teeth polymerized using the high mode
Summary
Resin composites are widely used materials for various restorative processes. ese materials, which were used in dentistry for esthetic restoration of anterior teeth in the early days, are widely used in posterior dental restorations due to the high demand for these procedures [1]. It was reported that gap formation between composite layers and contamination are prevented [9, 11] Today, due to their advantages such as long life, practicality, and short application time for the polymerization of BioMed Research International resin composites, light-emitting diode (LED) light curing units (LCUs) with different light intensities are often preferred [12]. Intrapulpal temperature rise during polymerization of resin composites is one of the most important conditions that may damage the pulp. E aim of this study was to compare the effects of different bulk-fill resin composites, polymerization modes, and thickness of remaining dentin upon intrapulpal temperature rise. E null hypotheses were as follows: (1) there are no differences in intrapulpal temperature rise during the light curing process among bulk-fill composites, and (2) the polymerization modes of VALO LED and the remaining dentin thickness do not produce significant differences in intrapulpal temperature rise. Analysis of intrapulpal temperature changes between the groups were calculated using ANOVA and independent t-tests
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