Abstract
Bone plays an important role in dental implant treatment success. The goal of this literature review is to analyze the influence of bone definition and finite element parameters on stress in dental implants and bone in numerical studies. A search was conducted of Pubmed, Science Direct and LILACS, and two independent reviewers performed the data extraction. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook tool for clinical trials. Seventeen studies were included. Titanium was the most commonly-used material in dental implants. The magnitude of the applied loads varied from 15 to 300 N with a mean of 182 N. Complete osseointegration was the most common boundary condition. Evidence from this review suggests that bone is commonly defined as an isotropic material, despite being an anisotropic tissue, and that it is analyzed as a ductile material, instead of as a fragile material. In addition, and in view of the data analyzed in this review, it can be concluded that there is no standardization for conducting finite element studies in the field of dentistry. Convergence criteria are only detailed in two of the studies included in this review, although they are a key factor in obtaining accurate results in numerical studies. It is therefore necessary to implement a methodology that indicates which parameters a numerical simulation must include, as well as how the results should be analyzed.
Highlights
Dental implants are a common practice in dentistry, and have the goal of transferring bite loads to the bone and the surrounding tissues [1]
The goal of this review is to analyze the influence of bone definition and finite element parameters on stress in dental implants and bone in numerical studies
Duetotothe thesuccess success implant treatments being rehabilitation of of patients patients with with missing missing teeth of of implant treatments being influenced, by the thequality qualityofofbone, bone,the thegoal goal this review is analyze to analyze influenced,among among other other factors, factors, by of of this review is to the the influenceofofbone bone definition definition on stress inin finite element studies in the influence stress in in dental dentalimplants implantsand andbone bone finite element studies in the dentistryfield
Summary
Dental implants are a common practice in dentistry, and have the goal of transferring bite loads to the bone and the surrounding tissues [1]. Implants must be designed to distribute loads to the surrounding tissue in an optimized way. Two types of bone can be distinguished, both in the mandible and maxilla: cortical and cancellous bone. Both cortical and cancellous are anisotropic materials, and the difference between them is that trabecular is a compact bone and cancellous is a highly porous mineralized tissue enclosed in cortical bone [2]. There are several tools to analyze the biomechanical behavior of dental implants and bone, including in vitro techniques and numerical simulations. In vitro studies include photoelastic stress analysis or mechanical fracture tests, e.g., of static and dynamic performance, for which there are international standards [4]
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