Abstract
Summary The role of different breathing muscles during singing was investigated by synchronously recording EMG, pressure, and sound signals, using lung volume and gravity as experimental parameters. Surface EMG signals from the external and internal intercostals, the diaphragm, and the abdominal oblique muscles were recorded, while two singer subjects performed various singing tasks associated with rapid and precise changes of subglottal pressure. Esophageal and gastric pressures were measured by pressure transducers, and lung volume by means of impedance plethysmography. The results show that the breathing system efficiently compensates for drastic differences in the mechanics of the breathing apparatus, caused by differences in lung volume and gravity induced by changes of body posture.
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