Influence of Body Mass Index on the Management and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction-Cardiogenic Shock in the United States, 2008–2017

Abstract

BackgroundThere are limited data on influence of body mass index (BMI) on outcomes of acute myocardial infarction-cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS). MethodsAdult AMI-CS admissions from 2008 to 2017 were identified from the National Inpatient Sample and stratified by BMI into underweight (<19.9 kg/m2), normal-BMI (19.9–24.9 kg/m2) and overweight/obese (>24.9 kg/m2). Outcomes of interest included in-hospital mortality, invasive cardiac procedures use, hospitalization costs, and discharge disposition. ResultsOf 339,364 AMI-CS admissions, underweight and overweight/obese constitute 2356 (0.7%) and 46,675 (13.8%), respectively. In 2017, compared to 2008, there was an increase in underweight (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.40 [95% confidence interval {CI} 4.91–8.31]; p < 0.001) and overweight/obese admissions (aOR 2.93 [95% CI 2.78–3.10]; p < 0.001). Underweight admissions were on average older, female, with non-ST-segment-elevation AMI-CS, and higher comorbidity. Compared to normal and overweight/obese admissions, underweight admissions had lower rates of coronary angiography (57% vs 72% vs 78%), percutaneous coronary intervention (40% vs 54% vs 54%), and mechanical circulatory support (28% vs 46% vs 49%) (p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was lower in underweight (32.9% vs 34.1%, aOR 0.64 [95% CI 0.57–0.71], p < 0.001) and overweight/obese (27.6% vs 38.4%, aOR 0.89 [95% CI 0.87–0.92], p < 0.001) admissions. Higher hospitalization costs were seen in overweight/obese admissions while underweight admissions were discharged more often to skilled nursing facilities. ConclusionUnderweight patients received less frequent cardiac procedures and were discharged more often to skilled nursing facilities. Underweight and overweight/obese AMI-CS admissions had lower in-hospital mortality compared to normal BMI.