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Abstract
In the article, unique formulations of biodegradable, non-toxic, edible oil-based release oils were developed and tested on architectural concrete. The produced agents have physicochemical properties similar to diesel fuel, but at the same time, are renewable and biodegradable products. An ultrasound was used to properly combine the liquid phase of edible oil and the liquid phase of glyceryl trioleate and/or water. Based on the PN-B-19305 standard, seven-component configurations were designed and then tested. The wettability of the concrete was determined by contact angle (CA) analysis. After the application of the formulations produced, the architectural concrete still had good wettability. The vapor permeability test showed that the tested release agents did not inhibit water vapor diffusion from the tested samples. The O65G35 (65% unique edible oil formula and 35% glyceryl trioleate) concrete had the best absorption. In this case, the CA was 56° after oil application and 46° before. The new agents did not impair the adhesion of the plaster to concrete. The O90W10 concrete showed the best adhesion of plasters made with it—51.9 kN/m2. The study also showed that the concrete surface had excellent paint absorption despite the use of release agents. The architectural concrete was evenly covered with paint without any problem. There were no difficulties in applying it, e.g., greasy places preventing the concrete from being coated with emulsion. The suitability of the produced release oils for lightweight architectural concrete structures intended for facades was confirmed. The best results were obtained after using formulations O65T35 and O90W10.
Highlights
A characteristic feature of concrete as a construction material is the formation of elements of practically any shape
Quartz sand is characterized by specific gravity equal to 2650 kg/m3, water absorption amounting to 1.2%, and moisture reaching 0.16% [15]; Coarse aggregate—natural gravel quartz (2–8 mm) from light sandstone and minerals in gravel grains came from plutonic rocks, i.e., orthoclase and albite, minerals in grains came from sedimentary rocks—calcite, illite dolomite
Studies have shown that higher fatty acids derived from vegetable oils can be used as release oil for steel and plastic molds used to produce light-colored architectural concrete elements, meeting the normative requirements for this type of oil
Summary
A characteristic feature of concrete as a construction material is the formation of elements of practically any shape. The forming process consists of tightly filling the mold with concrete mix. Once the concrete is placed in the mold, the chemical processes of setting and hardening begin. It has corrosive properties which are harmful if they come into contact with the skin, and it affects the surface reaction between the mold material and the concrete. The hardened concrete will stick firmly to the mold and cause two undesirable effects during demolding—damage to the surface of the molded concrete element or damage to the mold (formwork). Damage to the surface of the concrete generally needs to be repaired for the sake of the structure’s design life. The only way to avoid problems remains to use an adequately selected release agent designed to minimize cohesion forces between contacting materials
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