Influence of bio-based kenaf polymer composites on mechanical and acoustic properties for futuristic applications: An initiative towards net-zero carbon emissions

Abstract

In the pursuit of net-zero carbon emissions, the development of sustainable materials like kenaf fiber composites is pivotal. This innovative approach, which harnesses eco-friendly properties and enhances material performance, holds promise in reducing carbon footprints across diverse industries. As ecological sustainability awareness continues to rise, there is a growing imperative to embrace biodegradable, lightweight, and recyclable materials to address existing limitations in conventional materials. Kenaf fiber, with its unique electromagnetic, acoustic, mechanical, and physical properties, presents a compelling solution. The production process involves impregnating kenaf fiber with bio-based materials, utilizing nanofillers of nickel (Ni), bamboo charcoal (BC), and carbon black (CB), which are blended with epoxy resin through magnetic agitation to ensure homogeneous dispersion. This resulting composite is fortified between two layers of kenaf fiber mats, creating a robust sandwich structure. Employing response surface methodology (RSM) and the central composite design (CCD), the study calculates the optimal weight percentages of nanofillers in various test specimens. Mechanical and acoustic property testing, conducted using appropriate equipment, reveals that a combination of 15 wt% BC, 9 wt% Ni, and 6 wt% CB exhibits the highest tensile strength at 42 MPa, while the blend of 10 wt% BC, 6 wt% Ni, and 4 wt% CB achieves a maximum noise reduction coefficient (NRC) of 0.524. These impressive findings underscore the potential of this suggested material as a superior substitute for conventional materials, further aligning it with the imperative for eco-conscious and sustainable solutions.