Influence of binder materials and alkali activator on the strength and durability properties of geopolymer concrete: A review

Abstract

Geopolymers are the most potentially viable alternative binder material that can replace conventional cement and reduce environmental footprints. Recent studies revealed that employing geopolymer concrete (GPC) as an alternative to traditional concrete reduces disposal and global warming issues. The precise goal of this review is to examine the effects of binder materials and alkali activators on the compressive strength and durability properties of GPC. This work thoroughly investigates the literature focusing on optimizing the alkali activator, such as the dosages of NaOH and the mass ratio of Na2SiO3, for achieving the highest strength of GPC. For doing the same, the relevant data have been collected from past literature, and relationships are established. The relationships reveal that 12 M of NaOH, 0.3–0.5 mass ratio of Na2SiO3, and 2.0–2.5 Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio, are the optimum range for achieving the highest compressive strength. An experimental study was carried out to confirm the validity of the literature. The experimental results revealed the synthesis of CSH, CASH, and NASH products that enhance the compressive strength of GPC. The maximum compressive strength of 67.80 MPa was measured in the blended mix of 30% GGBS and 15% SF with FA at 28 day curing period.