Abstract
In this study, bentonite (a naturally occurring pozzolana) was incorporated as a partial replacement (up to 20%) for high-calcium fly ash (HCFA)-based geopolymeric natural aggregate concrete (GNAC) and geopolymeric recycled aggregate concrete (GRAC). The mechanical (compressive strength and splitting tensile strength), durability (chloride migration coefficient, water absorption, and acid attack resistance), and rheological properties (slump test, fresh density, and workability) were investigated. The results revealed that incorporation of bentonite (10 wt % with ordinary Portland cement) showed appreciable improvement in the strength and durability of both the GNAC and GRAC, though its effect is more significant for GRAC than the GNAC.
Highlights
Concrete is an abundantly used material in the construction industry due to its distinctive properties such as cost-effectiveness, high strength, durability, easy availability of its constituent materials, and ease of formability into desired shapes
The fine and coarse aggregates constitute 75–80% of concrete’s total volume and construction and demolition waste (C&DW) can be used as recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) in new concrete to minimize the consumption of natural resources that are used to produce natural coarse aggregates (NCA) [9]
This is due to the porous nature, low density, and high-water absorption of old cement mortar attached to the surface of RCA [13,14,15]
Summary
Concrete is an abundantly used material in the construction industry due to its distinctive properties such as cost-effectiveness, high strength, durability, easy availability of its constituent materials, and ease of formability into desired shapes. Marinkovic et al [12] reported that the incorporation of RCA in OPC concrete leads to an increase in the absorption capacity and drying shrinkage than the concrete with NCA This is due to the porous nature, low density, and high-water absorption of old cement mortar attached to the surface of RCA [13,14,15]. The use of electric arc furnace (EAF) slag and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as partial or total substitution of natural aggregates (NAs) in structural concrete elements have been studied by different researchers This material is a byproduct of steel production in electric arc furnace plants [18,19]. The use of waste materials such as C&DW, EAF, and GGBFS as aggregates in concrete will lead to a sustainable and economical practice in the construction industry
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