Abstract
Simple SummaryAltrenogest, also known as allyl trenbolone, is a steroidal progestin that is widely used in veterinary medicine to synchronize estrus in gilts. To achieve the target number of services per week, enough weaned sows and gilts are needed each week for breeding. A problem with progestogen-synchronized replacement gilts is the variation of the interval between last feeding of altrenogest and onset of estrus. In the present study, we found that gilt backfat thickness had a strong positive correlation with the interval between last feeding of altrenogest and onset of estrus. This result may come from a larger reservoir of altrenogest in adipose tissue in fatter gilts.Estrus synchronization of gilts can be achieved by feeding the orally active progestogen altrenogest (AT) to cycling gilts at 20 mg/day for 14 to 18 days with gilts usually returning to estrus 4 to 8 days after the last feeding. In practice, gilts failing to exhibit estrus by 6 days after AT withdrawal may compromise weekly breeding targets. The cause of prolonged intervals to estrus are unknown but may involve prolonged suppression due to the release of progesterone (P4), and by extension AT, from adipose tissues. The present study examined relationships between gilt P2 backfat depth (<13.5 mm, 14–16.5 mm, >17 mm groups), the AT withdrawal to estrus interval, and subsequent reproductive performance in gilts. We noted longer intervals to estrus in gilts with greater P2 backfat depths (p < 0.0001), and higher serum P4 concentrations on the last day of AT feeding and at estrus detection (p < 0.05). Total born litter sizes were unaffected by backfat depth, but pigs born alive progressively decreased with increasing backfat depth with the fattest gilts producing the fewest liveborn pigs (p < 0.05). Taken together, these data suggest that adipose tissues may provide a reservoir of steroid, with its release from fatter gilts having potential negative effects on their subsequent reproductive performance.
Highlights
The altrenogest provides an artificial luteal phase via suppression of gonadotro-phins, LH, and following the withdrawal of altrenogest from primiparous sows the LH pulsatility recovers after several hours, the timing depending on the duration of feeding
To test the hypothesis that backfat depth will affect return to estrus in altrenogest-synchronized gilts, we examined the relationship between backfat thickness, and presumably steroid stores available for release, and the interval from altrenogest withdrawal to estrus and subsequent reproductive performance of cyclic gilts synchronized using altrenogest
There were no significant effects of age, average daily gain (ADG), or serum progesterone concentrations at first altrenogest treatment on the interval to estrus (Table 1)
Summary
Predictability of weaner output is largely controlled by breeding enough females each week and, where insufficient weaned or return sows are available, the gilt pool must make up the shortfall [1]. To improve timely availability of service-ready gilts, estrus synchronization of groups of randomly cycling gilts is practiced by the feeding of the orally active progestogen altrenogest, typically at 15 to 20 mg/day for 14 to 18 days [2,3]. Synchronising gilts with altrenogest is associated with an increased ovulation rate [4] and subsequent litter size [5] from breeding at the subsequent estrus. The altrenogest provides an artificial luteal phase via suppression of gonadotro-phins, LH, and following the withdrawal of altrenogest from primiparous sows the LH pulsatility recovers after several hours, the timing depending on the duration of feeding
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