Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers of alkane derivatives with sulfur-containing head groups on gold substrates have been widely examined recently, since the binding between S atoms and the Au surface is strong. Viologen derivatives have been extensively investigated because of their well-known electrochemical behavior, including behavior as the electron acceptors for the electric charge delivery mediation of devices. Self-assembled viologen monolayers were prepared on the gold surface of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) that has been used as a nanogram order mass detector. The self-assembly of viologen derivatives has been determined by the resonant frequency shift of a QCM using a quartz crystal analyzer (QCA). Well-defined peaks were observed at nearly equal charges during the redox reaction in cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electrochemical behavior of self-assembled viologen monolayers has been measured by the electrochemical QCM (EQCM) method. We also used scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to manipulate the surface on a nanometer scale to form nano-structures and measured current–voltage (I–V) characteristics using scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS).
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