Abstract
Amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmB) or Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) are used in clinics for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. The goal of our study was to compare the nephrotoxicity of these drugs in rat kidney. The effects of AmB and ABCD on the ultrastructure of the epithelium of renal tubules were studied and evaluated using morphometric and statistical methods. Two groups of 3 animals were established: group 1 was treated with AmB desoxycholate and group 2, to which ABCD was applied. AmB caused more than ABCD ultrastructural changes in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells: damage to mitochondria, vacuolation of cytoplasm, and increased values of volume density of peroxisomes. However, we failed to observe significant differences in morphology and density of the other cell organelles. The proximal tubules seemed to be more sensitive to the nephrotoxic influence of both formulas than the distal tubules of rat kidney. Although, AmB causes more severe damage than ABCD, both drugs cause damage to renal tubuli.
Highlights
Amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmB) is used as an efficacious medication for systemic fungal infections, in spite of the nephrotoxic effects mentioned by some authors[6, 3, 2]
Two groups of 3 animals were established: group 1 – rats were treated with AmB deoxycholate (Amphotericin B Squibb®, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 4 mg/kg of body weight daily for a period of 14 days), group 2 – included animals, which received amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) (Amphocil®, Torrex Pharma; 12 mg/kg of body weight daily for a period of 14 days)
Vacuolation of cytoplasm and some mitochondria, the presence of damaged mitochondria, increased number of peroxisomes, dilated extracellular space between epithelium and basal lamina in basal labyrinth, reduction of microvilli in brush border were observed and described on the ultrastructural level in this study. This was found in both experimental groups
Summary
Amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmB) is used as an efficacious medication for systemic fungal infections, in spite of the nephrotoxic effects mentioned by some authors[6, 3, 2]. Colloidal dispersions or lipid complexes of AmB seem to be more sparing on kidney parenchyma and its functions than AmB10, 11. These new formulas of AmB are considerably more expensive. Light microscopy is normally used and as the result, necrosis of the epithelial cells is mentioned. The nephrotoxicity of these drugs at the ultrastructural level have been studied in previous research here[5]. This evaluation was objectively reviewed using stereological and statistical methods
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